Project Management

Project management is the process of planning, organizing, and managing resources to achieve specific goals. It is a broad discipline that encompasses a variety of activities, such as:

• Defining the project: This includes identifying the project goals, scope, and deliverables.
• Planning the project: This includes developing a project schedule, budget, and risk management plan.
• Organizing the project: This includes assembling the project team, assigning tasks, and establishing communication channels.
• Managing the project: This includes monitoring the project's progress, making changes as needed, and ensuring that the project is completed on time, within budget, and to the required quality standards.

Project management is a complex and challenging process, but it is essential for the successful completion of any project. A good project manager will be able to effectively plan, organize, and manage resources to achieve the project's goals.

Here are some of the benefits of project management:

• Increased efficiency: Project management can help to improve the efficiency of projects by ensuring that they are planned and executed in a systematic and organized manner.
• Reduced costs: Project management can help to reduce costs by identifying and avoiding potential problems early on.
• Improved quality: Project management can help to improve the quality of projects by ensuring that they are completed to the required standards.
• Increased customer satisfaction: Project management can help to increase customer satisfaction by ensuring that projects are delivered on time, within budget, and to the required quality standards.
• Improved communication: Project management can help to improve communication between the project team and stakeholders by providing a forum for regular communication and feedback.

If you are involved in a project, I recommend that you learn more about project management. It is a valuable skill that can help you to ensure the successful completion of any project.

Here are some of the most popular project management methodologies:

• Waterfall: The waterfall methodology is a linear approach to project management. It involves breaking the project down into a series of sequential phases, such as planning, design, development, testing, and deployment.
  Opens in a new windowwww.lucidchart.com

  Waterfall project management methodology
• Agile: The agile methodology is an iterative approach to project management. It involves breaking the project down into a series of smaller, more manageable tasks that are completed in short sprints.
  Opens in a new windowmedium.com

  Agile project management methodology
• Scrum: Scrum is a specific type of agile methodology that is often used for software development projects. It involves breaking the project down into a series of sprints, each of which is typically two weeks long.
  Opens in a new windowwww.pmi.org

  Scrum project management methodology
• Kanban: Kanban is another type of agile methodology that is often used for manufacturing or service delivery projects. It involves visualizing the workflow and limiting work in progress.
  Opens in a new windowstartinfinity.com

  Kanban project management methodology

The best project management methodology for you will depend on the specific project and the needs of the stakeholders.

Apache Directory

The Apache Directory Project provides directory solutions entirely written in Java. These include a directory server, which has been certified as LDAP v3 compliant by the Open Group (ApacheDS), and Eclipse-based directory tools (Apache Directory Studio).

https://directory.apache.org/studio/download/download-windows.html

Ubuntu Security

Disable Directory Listing

After installing Apache2, its configuration settings is set to list all directories automatically. This can be bad. The mod_autoindex module automatically generates a listing of all directory content.

If a web client request a resource that’s not available in the directory, all the content in the directory will be listed instead.

Apache2 main global configuration file is highlighted below.

/etc/apache2/apache2.conf

And the section of the settings that deals with listing directory in Apahce2 default root directory is this:

/var/www/

> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Require all granted

To disable directory listing, edit the setting to be this:

/var/www/

> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Require all granted

Save the file and restart Apache2 to load the new configuration settings.

If you want to save time, just run the commands below to make the same change above. This one line commands will edit the configuration file and remove the word Indexes from the Options line.

sudo sed -i "s/Options Indexes FollowSymLinks/Options FollowSymLinks/" /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

Save the file and restart Apache2 and you’re done.

In Apache Virtual Host:

1 2 3

<Directory /var/www/public_html>       Options -Indexes </Directory>

In .htaccess file:

1	Options -Indexes

While using the .htaccess, make sure that Apache server is enabled to use .htaccess files for that directory. In most cases, .htaccess is disabled by default.

Finally, restart the Apache service after making any changes in Virtual host to apply changes.

Update DRUPAL 7 Core using DRUSH

Before you begin

If not already done, it is suggested to read this Introduction. Which summarized all your options to choose from when updating your Drupal 7.

Update Drupal 7 core using Drush

Steps to update Drupal 7 core using Drush version 8 or earlier. Drush is the Drupal Shell.

1. Backup everything

Drush backs up the Drupal 7 core installation for you when updating, but you might want to back-up the sites directory just in case something goes wrong. You also want to take a backup of the database. Use the command below to back up everything:

drush archive-dump

2. Put your site in maintenance mode

drush vset --exact maintenance_mode 1 
drush cache-clear all 

3. Update Drupal with drush

drush pm-update drupal

Drush will also update your database if necessary.

4. Check that everything works

Go around your site and test everything! If you had modified robots.txt or .htaccess, make sure the modifications are reapplied. (Sometimes you can just copy the old files back.) If you used a custom installation profile, you might have to copy that back too. If the configuration file has changed, make sure your file has the latest and correct information - compare sites/default/settings.php and sites/default/default.settings.php.

5. Put your site online again

drush vset --exact maintenance_mode 0 
drush cache-clear all 

Alternative Drush commands

Alternatively, you might be interested in those other Drush commands:

• drush pm-update is the same as running drush pm-updatecode and then drush updatedb, so you can optionally run the latter two commands to break up the process.
• drush pm-updatecode has a number of options you can use with drush pm-update, including --security-only. Learn more here. You can run update commands with -n to prevent it from automatically answering 'y' to every 'y/n' request for user input.

Troubleshooting

• No code updates available for "drush pm-update drupal"
  Run following code which will refresh the available releases.
   

  drush rf
  

  and rerun

  drush pm-update drupal

VMWARE Tools Installation on Ubuntu

A virtual machine or guest operating system will not behave the same as the host OS as there are certain limitations in terms of operation and performance. That’s why there is a set of tools introduced in VMware known as VMware tools that can be used to enhance the performance of the guest operating system.

VMware tools package does not only enhance the performance of a virtual machine but also it improves the interaction between the guest and host operating system.

VMware tools add support for shared folders, clipboards, drag, and drop functions. It also enables to synchronize time among the host and guest operating system.

VMware tools offer the following benefits:

• Enhanced Graphics experience on the virtual machine
• Share files between the guest and the host OS
• Time synchronization between the host OS and guest OS
• Copy paste text and drag-drop feature
• Improved mouse performance

After installing a virtual machine in a VMware, the right next task should be the installation of the VMware tools.

In this article, I will show you how to install VMware tools in Ubuntu 18.04 TLS. You can also apply these methods on the older versions of Ubuntu.

VMware Tool in Ubuntu virtual machine can be installed by using GUI, Terminal and open VM tools.

Using GUI to install VMWare Tools in Ubuntu

From the menu, navigate to VM > Install VMware Tools.

You will notice that VMware tools CD/DVD mounted on the desktop. Double click to open it.

Select the tar.gz file. Right-click on Extract to.

Now choose the location to extract the tar.gz file and click on Extract. In this case, I am choosing the Desktop for extract location.

You will notice Vmware-tools-distrib folder on the Desktop.

Now hit Ctrl+Alt+T to launch the Terminal.

Navigate to vmware-tools-distrib folder that you have just extracted.

$ cd Desktop/vmware-tools-distrib

Run the following command to install VMware tools:

$ sudo ./vmware-install.pl -f

While installation, press Enter to accept the defaults.

After the installation gets complete, reboot your Ubuntu machine.

Install VMWare Tools from Ubuntu Terminal

Hit Ctrl+Alt+T to launch Terminal or connect to the Ubuntu system by SSH.

Run the below command to create a directory that will be used to mount the CD-ROM:

$ sudo mkdir /mnt/cdrom

When prompted for the password, type the admin user password.

Run the below command to mount vmware –tools CD/DVD to /mnt/cdrom directory you just created above.

$ sudo mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom

Run this command to find the exact name of the VMware tools archive.

$ ls /mnt/cdrom

Then run this command to extract content of VMware tools archive to /tmp directory.

The general syntax of the command is:

$ tar xzvf /mnt/cdrom/VMwareTools-x.x.x-xxxx.tar.gz -C /tmp/

Replace the VMwareTools-x.x.x-xxxx.tar.gz with the archive name you found above. You might have a different version of the file. In the current scenario, it is VMwareTools-10.2.0-7259539.tar.gz. So, I will type:

$ tar xzvf /mnt/cdrom/VMwareTools-10.2.0-7259539.tar.gz -C /tmp/

Run this command to navigate to the VMware tools distribution folder.

$ cd /tmp/vmware-tools-distrib/

Now run this command to start installing VMware tools:

$ sudo ./vmware-install.pl -f

While installation, keep pressing Enter to accept the defaults.

Use Open VM Tools Package

There is an open source package called open-vm-tools located in the official Ubuntu packages repository.

Press Ctrl+Alt+T to launch the Terminal

Run the command:

$ sudo apt install open-vm-tools-desktop

Reboot the virtual machine after the installation is finished.

Using any one of one method, you can install VMware tools in your virtual machine and enjoy the enhanced graphics experience and functionalities within your virtual environment.